The following bibliography is from Aya Ezawa’s “Okinawa: Beyond the Ethnic Other” (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Swarthmore College, 2002-2003), a study unit “focusing on the identity struggles of Okinawans. They show how and why it has been difficult for Okinawans to assert themselves in opposition to the Japanese nation.” Dr. Ezawa is a University Lecturer at Universiteit Leiden (Netherlands), specializing in Japanese Studies.

• Matthew Allen. 2003. “Wolves at the Back Door: Remembering the Kumejima Massacres.” Pp. 39-64 in Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power, edited by Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. [Read excerpts here.]
• Gerald Figal. 2003. “Waging Peace on Okinawa.” Pp. 65-98 in Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power, edited by Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. [Read excerpts here.]
• Aaron Gerow, “From National Gaze to Multiple Gazes: Representations of Okinawa in Recent Japanese Cinema.” Pp. 273-307 in Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power, edited by Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
• Laura Hein and Mark Selden. 2003. “Culture, Power, and Identity in Contemporary Okinawa.” Pp. 1-35 in Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power, edited by Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. [Read excerpts here.]
• Laura Hein and Mark Selden, eds. 2003. Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.  [Read excerpts here.]
• Refsing, Kirsten. 2003. “In Japan but not of Japan.” Pp. 48-64 in Ethnicity in Asia, edited by Colin Mackerras. London: RoutledgeCurzon. [Read excerpts here.]
• James Roberson, “Uchina Pop: Place and Identity in Contemporary Okinawan Popular Music.” Pp.192-227 in Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power, edited by Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. [Read excerpts here.]
• Taira, Koji. 1997. “Troubled national identity: Ryukyuans/Okinawans.” Pp. 140-177 in Japan’s Minorities, edited by Michael Weiner. London: Routledge.